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PRESENTATION BIBLIOGRAPHY

References & evidence limits

Source details and scope notes from the presentation script. Reports, proposed mechanisms and consciousness claims are different levels of evidence.

  1. [S1]

    Mikles, N. L., & Laycock, J. P. (2015). Tracking the Tulpa: Exploring the “Tibetan” Origins of a Contemporary Paranormal Idea.

    Nova Religio, 19(1), 87–97.

    Open source ↗

    Historical analysis: Tibetan terminology, Theosophy and Western reinterpretation; not evidence of an unchanged Tibetan practice.

  2. [S2]

    Veissière, S. (2015). Varieties of Tulpa Experiences: Sentient Imaginary Friends, Embodied Joint Attention, and Hypnotic Sociality in a Wired World.

    Somatosphere.

    Open source ↗

    Online ethnography and practitioner reports; cannot independently establish separate consciousness.

  3. [S3]

    2017. Tulpas and Mental Health: A Study of Non-Traumagenic Plural Experiences.

    Research in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 5(2).

    Open source ↗

    Community survey of reported wellbeing; self-selection and observational design prevent claims of causation or universal safety.

  4. [S4]

    Luhrmann, T. M., Nusbaum, H., & Thisted, R. (2010). The Absorption Hypothesis: Learning to Hear God in Evangelical Christianity.

    American Anthropologist, 112(1), 66–78.

    Open source ↗

    Absorption, imaginative prayer and spiritual experiences; does not establish that religious experiences and tulpas are identical.

  5. [S5]

    Luhrmann, T. M., & Morgain, R. (2012). Prayer as Inner Sense Cultivation: An Attentional Learning Theory of Spiritual Experience.

    Ethos, 40(4), 359–389.

    Open source ↗

    Experimental findings about imaginative prayer and inner experience; not a controlled test of tulpa creation.

  6. [S6]

    2021. Reality shifting: psychological features of an emergent online daydreaming culture.

    Open source ↗

    Secondary description of tulpa terminology, including wonderlands; primarily concerns a related online phenomenon.

  7. [S7]

    Veissière, S. (2016). Varieties of Tulpa Experiences: The Hypnotic Nature of Human Sociality, Personhood, and Interphenomenality.

    In Hypnosis and Meditation: Towards an Integrative Science of Conscious Planes. Oxford University Press.

    Open source ↗

    Theoretical framing of selfhood, personhood and social cognition; theory is not proof of independent consciousness.

  8. [S8]

    Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology.

    Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 931–965.

    Open source ↗

    Review of inner and private speech, including dialogic inner speech; does not establish that inner dialogue causes tulpas or separate consciousness.

  9. [S9]

    David-Néel, A. (1932). Magic and Mystery in Tibet.

    New York: Claude Kendall. Originally published in French as Mystiques et magiciens du Thibet (Paris: Plon, 1929).

    Book catalogue ↗

    Historical travel account and source of stories about thought-created beings; not scientific verification of those accounts. The slide’s 1929 date refers to the French original.

HOW THE PRESENTATION WAS BUILT

Technology & credits

These tools build and present the deck. They are separate from the research sources above.

HTML & SVG
Editable slides and speaker scripts in index.html, with inline vector illustrations. This references page is a separate HTML document.
CSS & browser animation
Custom layouts, colours and typography; reversible fragment transitions, SVG line drawing and decorative loops. The browser’s Web Animations API animates matching heading characters. No additional animation engine is used.
JavaScript
Custom initialization, title transitions, motion controls and toolbar actions. Presentation configuration stays separate from slide content.
Reveal.js ↗
Slide navigation and scaling, fragments, overview, slide numbers, opening-surface Auto-Animate and PDF pagination. Its Notes plugin supplies the speaker view and timer; the browser produces the final PDF.
Vite ↗
Local development server and production bundling for the deck and this page. It does not implement the presentation’s layouts or animations.
Lucide ↗
Selected line icons are embedded locally as SVG. Lucide / Feather license notices ↗ are included in the distributed deck. Other diagrams are custom SVG, HTML and CSS.
Fonts & delivery
System serif and sans-serif fonts, with no remote font request. The built deck is static; it needs no internet for presenting when served locally. External reading links need an internet connection.
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